Should the Commercial Agent Exclusion be treated as a Free Pass?
The exclusion for commercial agents has historically held an ambiguous position within EU payments regulation. Originally intended as a limited exception for legitimate sales intermediaries, it has increasingly been used in arrangements that regulators perceive as a means of avoiding licensing requirements. This regulatory tension is not new, but it is now being directly addressed through the forthcoming Payment Services Regulation (PSR), following the broader reforms introduced under PSD3.
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